{
  "profile": "data-package",
  "name": "datacenter-atlas",
  "title": "Data Center Atlas — 2026-10-13 · 390 sites",
  "description": "Data centres around the world. Updated 2026-10-13; observations from 2023-12-01 to 2026-10-09. Statuses are the last reported project status on the status date, not the current status; locators are not footprints; empty values are unknown, never zero. Coverage varies by country.",
  "version": "2026-10-13-research",
  "homepage": "https://kiankyars.github.io/datacenter-atlas/",
  "keywords": [
    "data centres",
    "data centers",
    "construction",
    "infrastructure",
    "geospatial",
    "open data"
  ],
  "licenses": [
    {
      "name": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "path": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
      "title": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International: Atlas-authored data and structure (see DATA_LICENSE.md)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ODbL-1.0",
      "path": "https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/",
      "title": "Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0: geometries derived from OpenStreetMap (© OpenStreetMap contributors)"
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Data Center Atlas repository: verified_construction_core/2026-10-13-research",
      "path": "https://github.com/kiankyars/datacenter-atlas/tree/main/verified_construction_core/2026-10-13-research"
    },
    {
      "title": "Per-row third-party sources and terms (see evidence.csv and ATTRIBUTION.txt)",
      "path": "ATTRIBUTION.txt"
    },
    {
      "title": "OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL-1.0)",
      "path": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright"
    }
  ],
  "contributors": [
    {
      "title": "Kian Kyars",
      "path": "https://github.com/kiankyars",
      "role": "author"
    }
  ],
  "resources": [
    {
      "name": "sites",
      "path": "sites.csv",
      "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
      "title": "sites.csv of 2026-10-13-research",
      "format": "csv",
      "mediatype": "text/csv",
      "encoding": "utf-8",
      "bytes": 540384,
      "hash": "sha256:7095a45a81048f80c302720ed11be140e6e1d58c071793f9fa806bd46e0d310a",
      "dialect": {
        "delimiter": ",",
        "lineTerminator": "\n",
        "quoteChar": "\"",
        "doubleQuote": true,
        "header": true
      },
      "schema": {
        "fields": [
          {
            "name": "site_id",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Atlas identifier of the physical site (vcc-site-…), derived deterministically from physical_site_stable_key. Primary key.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "physical_site_stable_key",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Stable curation key of the physical site or parent campus, for example curated:<slug>. It groups the projects at one site; it is not a claim of global de-duplication across other databases.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "name",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Site or campus name as given by the selected source evidence. Not a legal entity name.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "country",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Name of the country or territory where the site is located.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "country_iso_a2",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of the country or territory.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "latitude",
            "type": "number",
            "description": "WGS 84 latitude, in decimal degrees, of the site's display anchor. For a Point it repeats the point locator, with the same scope and precision limits (some point locators are themselves source-derived centroids). For a Polygon or MultiPolygon it is only a convenient marker position for the shape, usually but not always inside it, and not a surveyed point; geometry_json is the locator. Never use it as a building or construction location.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "longitude",
            "type": "number",
            "description": "WGS 84 longitude, in decimal degrees, of the site's display anchor (see latitude).",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_json",
            "type": "geojson",
            "description": "GeoJSON geometry (WGS 84, longitude then latitude) of the site's reviewed locator or official boundary: a Point, Polygon or MultiPolygon. A locator only locates the site; it is not a building footprint, construction extent or surveyed boundary. Even an official boundary is a parcel or permit boundary, not the area under construction.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_type",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "GeoJSON type of geometry_json: Point, Polygon or MultiPolygon.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true,
              "enum": [
                "MultiPolygon",
                "Point",
                "Polygon"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_source_entity_kinds_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of what the source geometries describe (campus, facility, building, project or address_area), one entry per distinct value across the site's projects.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_derivations_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of how the published geometry was derived from its source, for example direct_geometry or coordinates_to_point. Free-form review codes, shown verbatim.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_methods_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of the source-specific methods used to obtain the geometry. Free-form review codes, shown verbatim.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_scope_classes_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of scope classes saying what the geometry represents, for example a shared-campus reference point or an official address locator. Free-form review codes, shown verbatim.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_authority_classes_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of the authority of the geometry sources: official_source, community_source or community_mapped.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_use_scopes_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of how the geometry may be used: official_boundary, campus_locator, project_locator or reviewed_site_locator. Every scope except official_boundary is a locator, not a footprint.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_precision_scopes_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of plain-language statements of what the geometry does and does not represent.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "horizontal_uncertainty_metres",
            "type": "number",
            "description": "Stated horizontal uncertainty of the locator in metres, when a bounded value is known. Empty means unknown, never zero."
          },
          {
            "name": "horizontal_uncertainty_unknown_reason",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Why no numeric horizontal uncertainty is given. Empty when horizontal_uncertainty_metres is set."
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_evidence_ids_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of evidence_id values (evidence.csv) of the sources that supplied the site geometry.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "project_count",
            "type": "integer",
            "description": "Number of projects linked to the site in this data snapshot.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "project_ids_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of the project_id values (projects.csv) linked to the site.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "project_stable_keys_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of the stable curation keys of the projects linked to the site.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "statuses_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of the distinct last reported project statuses of the site's projects. Each is the status reported on that project's status date, not a current status.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "oldest_status_as_of",
            "type": "date",
            "description": "Earliest status date (status_as_of) among the site's projects, as an ISO 8601 date.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "newest_status_as_of",
            "type": "date",
            "description": "Latest status date (status_as_of) among the site's projects, as an ISO 8601 date.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "verification_posture",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Code summarising the verification basis: a dated authoritative physical-status observation plus a reviewed location, official boundary or surrounding estate. Check the observation date and location scope. It does not mean independent, imagery-based or on-site verification.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "independent_imagery_verification",
            "type": "boolean",
            "description": "Whether construction has been independently verified from imagery. The schema allows only false: no data snapshot claims independent imagery verification.",
            "trueValues": [
              "true"
            ],
            "falseValues": [
              "false"
            ],
            "constraints": {
              "required": true,
              "enum": [
                false
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "imagery_review_outcomes_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of the imagery review outcome codes of the site's projects, for example not_reviewed. Outcomes are review records only and never create or change a construction claim.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          }
        ],
        "primaryKey": [
          "site_id"
        ],
        "missingValues": [
          ""
        ]
      },
      "licenses": [
        {
          "name": "CC-BY-4.0",
          "path": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
          "title": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International: Atlas-authored data and structure (see DATA_LICENSE.md)"
        },
        {
          "name": "ODbL-1.0",
          "path": "https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/",
          "title": "Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0: geometries derived from OpenStreetMap (© OpenStreetMap contributors)"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "projects",
      "path": "projects.csv",
      "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
      "title": "projects.csv of 2026-10-13-research",
      "format": "csv",
      "mediatype": "text/csv",
      "encoding": "utf-8",
      "bytes": 3068782,
      "hash": "sha256:80ea51a48440f4d346cae16253bf069277436b6a6a166945dea1de1d5b51cb5b",
      "dialect": {
        "delimiter": ",",
        "lineTerminator": "\n",
        "quoteChar": "\"",
        "doubleQuote": true,
        "header": true
      },
      "schema": {
        "fields": [
          {
            "name": "project_id",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Atlas identifier (UUID) of the project, stable across data updates for the same project. Primary key.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "project_stable_key",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Stable curation key of the project: the parent site key plus a project or phase slug.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "site_id",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Physical site the project belongs to (sites.csv site_id).",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "physical_site_stable_key",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Stable curation key of the project's physical site or parent campus.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "name",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Project or phase name as curated from the selected source evidence.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "country",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Name of the country or territory where the project is located.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "country_iso_a2",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of the country or territory.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "latitude",
            "type": "number",
            "description": "WGS 84 latitude, in decimal degrees, of the display anchor of the project's locator. Often the parent campus locator; not the position of the construction works.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "longitude",
            "type": "number",
            "description": "WGS 84 longitude, in decimal degrees, of the display anchor of the project's locator (see latitude).",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_json",
            "type": "geojson",
            "description": "GeoJSON geometry (WGS 84, longitude then latitude) used to locate the project. It is often the parent campus locator and is not a project footprint unless geometry_use_scope and geometry_precision_scope say so.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_type",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "GeoJSON type of geometry_json: Point, Polygon or MultiPolygon.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true,
              "enum": [
                "MultiPolygon",
                "Point",
                "Polygon"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_source_entity_kind",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "What the source geometry describes: campus, facility, building, project or address_area. A campus geometry used for a project locates the campus, not the project.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true,
              "enum": [
                "address_area",
                "building",
                "campus",
                "facility",
                "host_estate",
                "project"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_derivation",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "How the published geometry was derived from the source geometry, for example direct_geometry or coordinates_to_point. Free-form review code, shown verbatim.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true,
              "enum": [
                "Exact OSM way 1560974456 ordered node ring; display anchor is the planar shoelace centroid of that ring.",
                "Exact OSM way1230327255 ordered node ring; display-only anchor is the mean of four unique corners of this parallelogram.",
                "Extract the named smaller Project Site path from the government-published applicant map; interpolate its PDF positions through the four embedded source-CRS controls, explicitly normalize the self-touching ring, take an interior representative point in source projected units, transform without ballpark operations and round the locator to five decimals.",
                "Literal Nominatim object-centroid lat/lon fields for native OSM way429540795, reordered to longitude/latitude only; no numerical coordinate transform or map-image extraction.",
                "Literal native OSM node point; named latitude/longitude axis order only; independently matched to same Nominatim node",
                "Match direct campus page to the platform's same title and slug; dereference explicit geolocation fields; reproduce the site's six-decimal marker rounding; emit longitude then latitude.",
                "Nominatim centroid of exact address named OSM building; axis reorder only",
                "Use the single exact-name community feature, verify its source object geometry, and emit the unchanged service longitude/latitude in GeoJSON order.",
                "approved_plan_land_use_plot_ring_transformed_EPSG2039_to_WGS84",
                "association_converted_official_cadastral_reference_polygon",
                "capture_replayed_geometry",
                "community_exact_address_named_campus_representative_point",
                "community_named_building_representative_point",
                "community_named_campus_representative_point",
                "community_named_entity_source_point",
                "community_named_former_factory_representative_point_bound_to_official_redevelopment_parcel",
                "coordinates_to_point",
                "copy_Overpass_center_for_named_DVZ_data_center_campus_way1545965488",
                "copy_Overpass_center_for_named_OSM_way_313208490",
                "copy_Overpass_center_of_explicitly_named_Technologiezentrum_Laufenburg_way1160708952",
                "copy_exact_LGB_address_WKT_point_to_GeoJSON",
                "copy_literal_operator_LOS1_latitude_longitude_to_GeoJSON_longitude_latitude",
                "copy_named_SUM01_literal_latitude_longitude_as_parent_campus_locator",
                "cross_source_geometry",
                "cross_source_overlay",
                "direct_geometry",
                "exact_official_constituent_parcel_id_match",
                "exact_official_download_record_LV95_easting_northing_to_WGS84_via_official_REFRAME_service",
                "exact_official_primary_virtual_address_point",
                "exact_official_primary_virtual_address_point_with_explicit_campus_identity_inference",
                "exact_official_registration_geometry",
                "exact_single_public_municipal_parcel_ring_server_projected_with_explicit_epsg1188",
                "first_party_brochure_published_map_coordinate_query",
                "first_party_brochure_published_map_link_target",
                "first_party_published_map_pin",
                "government_named_project_geojson_point",
                "imported_reference_point",
                "literal_official_public_project_marker",
                "literal_operator_facility_latitude_longitude_reordered_without_numeric_transform",
                "literal_operator_specification_site_point",
                "municipal_exact_address_result_transformed_by_same_municipal_service_to_EPSG4326",
                "official_9_1_1_address_point_for_exact_primary_site_address",
                "official_INSPIRE_address_position_for_exact_operator_stated_site_address",
                "official_address_feature_to_point",
                "official_address_geocode",
                "official_address_point",
                "official_address_range_geocode",
                "official_address_range_interpolation",
                "official_bag_address_record_to_point",
                "official_cadastral_referencePoint_transformed_to_WGS84",
                "official_census_street_address_range_interpolation",
                "official_constituent_permit_reference_point",
                "official_constituent_tax_parcel",
                "official_coordinate_transform",
                "official_dms_coordinate_to_point",
                "official_environmental_report_site_grid_reference",
                "official_exact_house_number_geocode",
                "official_exact_permit_record_reference_point",
                "official_exact_street_number_address_point",
                "official_georeferenced_drawing_shared_area_centroid_transformed_to_crs84",
                "official_lot_boundary_ring_transformed_EPSG2326_to_WGS84",
                "official_municipal_land_address_point",
                "official_named_address_point",
                "official_named_environmental_project_geojson_point",
                "official_notice_published_point_marker",
                "official_notice_source_point",
                "official_parcel_centroid",
                "official_parcel_centroid_to_point",
                "official_parcel_polygon",
                "official_parcel_reference_point",
                "official_parcel_union",
                "official_parcel_union_point_on_surface",
                "official_permit_activity_reference_coordinate_transformed",
                "official_primary_parcel_union",
                "official_registered_parcel_coordinate_transform",
                "official_service_parcel_centroid",
                "operator_card_coordinate_pair_axis_reorder_only",
                "operator_published_campus_location_link_literal_coordinate_query",
                "operator_published_destination_coordinate",
                "operator_published_literal_site_coordinates",
                "osm_way_nodes_to_polygon",
                "point_on_named_community_polygon",
                "provider_supplied_community_building_centroid_bound_to_exact_certified_constituent_site_address",
                "provider_supplied_community_named_BA3_building_centroid_bound_to_operator_project_code_and_campus",
                "provider_supplied_named_CSC_LUMI_building_centroid_bound_to_official_same_hall_expansion",
                "provider_supplied_named_Procergs_building_centroid_bound_to_explicit_datacenter_address_and_substation_contract6033",
                "representative_point_inside_reconstructed_public_draft_survey_tract",
                "representative_point_inside_transformed_exact_developer_parcel",
                "representative_point_of_OSM_named_construction_enclosure",
                "representative_point_of_exact_named_OSM_enclosure",
                "source_KML_project_polygon_XY_preserved",
                "source_attribute_decimal_coordinates_to_point_without_centroiding",
                "source_community_representative_point",
                "source_geojson_point_without_coordinate_change",
                "source_marker_decimal_coordinates_to_point_without_centroiding",
                "source_published_marker_to_point_without_atlas_centroiding",
                "topological_union_of_two_osm_host_development_way_polygons"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_method",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Source-specific method used to obtain the geometry. Free-form review code, shown verbatim.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_scope_class",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "What the geometry represents, for example an official address locator point or a shared-campus reference point. Free-form review code, shown verbatim.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_authority_class",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Authority of the geometry source: official_source (a government or first-party publisher), community_source or community_mapped (for example OpenStreetMap). Community geometry is never an official boundary.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true,
              "enum": [
                "community_mapped",
                "community_source",
                "compiled_reference",
                "official_source"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_use_scope",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Permitted use of the geometry: official_boundary (an official parcel or surveyed boundary), campus_locator, project_locator or reviewed_site_locator. Locators are not footprints.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true,
              "enum": [
                "admin1_context",
                "admin2_context",
                "approximate_site_locator",
                "campus_locator",
                "host_estate_context",
                "locality_context",
                "official_boundary",
                "project_locator",
                "reviewed_site_locator"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_precision_scope",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Plain-language statement of what the geometry does and does not represent.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "horizontal_uncertainty_metres",
            "type": "number",
            "description": "Stated horizontal uncertainty of the locator in metres, when a bounded value is known. Empty means unknown, never zero."
          },
          {
            "name": "horizontal_uncertainty_unknown_reason",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Why no numeric horizontal uncertainty is given. Empty when horizontal_uncertainty_metres is set."
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_evidence_id",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "evidence_id (evidence.csv) of the primary geometry source.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "last_observed_physical_status",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Last reported project status on status_as_of: announced, permitted, a construction stage, completed, operational or another lifecycle state. This legacy column name is retained for API and CSV compatibility. Announced and permitted do not mean construction has started; completed does not mean operational.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true,
              "enum": [
                "announced",
                "cancelled",
                "civil_works",
                "clearing",
                "commissioning",
                "decommissioned",
                "demolished",
                "expansion",
                "foundations",
                "mep_electrical",
                "operational",
                "partially_operational",
                "paused",
                "proposed",
                "repurposed",
                "shell",
                "site_preparation",
                "under_construction"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "status_as_of",
            "type": "date",
            "description": "Date (ISO 8601) on which the status was observed or reported. Existing records keep this date until a new source establishes a later observation; the Atlas update date does not refresh it.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "status_age_days_at_review",
            "type": "integer",
            "description": "Days from status_as_of to the dataset update date. Historical snapshots measured age against their recorded lifecycle reference date.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "status_method",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "How the status was established: a project announcement, granted construction or planning consent, a physical-work report, completion or an operating-status report. Each links to its dated primary source.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true,
              "enum": [
                "authoritative_construction_start",
                "authoritative_physical_status_update",
                "government_record",
                "imported_documented_status",
                "physical_observation"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "status_evidence_id",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "evidence_id (evidence.csv) of the source that reports the status.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "verification_posture",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Code summarising the verification basis of the project: a dated authoritative physical-status observation plus a reviewed location, official boundary or surrounding estate. Check status_as_of and geometry_use_scope. It does not mean independent, imagery-based or on-site verification.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "independent_imagery_verification",
            "type": "boolean",
            "description": "Whether construction has been independently verified from imagery. The schema allows only false: no data snapshot claims independent imagery verification.",
            "trueValues": [
              "true"
            ],
            "falseValues": [
              "false"
            ],
            "constraints": {
              "required": true,
              "enum": [
                false
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "imagery_review_outcome",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Imagery review outcome code, for example not_reviewed. Review outcomes are records only and never create or change a lifecycle claim.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "development_type",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Development type (greenfield, expansion or retrofit) when the evidence establishes it; otherwise unknown.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "development_type_unknown_reason",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Why the development type is unknown.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "operating_model",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Operating model, for example colocation, when bound to evidence; otherwise unknown. Never inferred from the operator's other facilities.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "operating_model_unknown_reason",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Why the operating model is unknown. Empty when operating_model is known."
          },
          {
            "name": "operating_model_evidence_id",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "evidence_id (evidence.csv) supporting the operating model. Empty when it is unknown."
          },
          {
            "name": "workloads_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of evidence-linked workload classifications, each with workload, deployment_scope (intended, operational or unknown), method, confidence (0 to 1), as_of_date and evidence_id. These are source classifications, not proof of an operating workload.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "workload_unknown_reason",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Why no workload classification is published. Empty when workloads_json lists one."
          },
          {
            "name": "role_claims_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of evidence-linked party role claims, each with role (operator, owner, customer, tenant or user), party, relationship_scope (current, intended or unknown) and evidence_id.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "power_observations_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of typed power observations, each with metric (critical_it_mw, gross_facility_mw, grid_connection_mw or generation_nameplate_mw), stage (for example planned, design or contracted), low, base and high values, unit (MW), method, confidence, as_of_date, target_date, evidence_id and notes. A planned or design value is not installed or operating capacity.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "power_unknown_reason",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Why no typed power observation is published. Missing power is unknown, never zero."
          },
          {
            "name": "annual_energy_observations_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of typed annual energy observations (metric annual_energy_mwh, unit MWh/year) with the same structure as power observations. Published only from scoped observations; never estimated from capacity.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "annual_energy_unknown_reason",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Why no annual energy observation is published."
          },
          {
            "name": "efficiency_observations_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of typed efficiency observations (metric pue, unit ratio) with the same structure as power observations. A design PUE is not measured performance.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "efficiency_unknown_reason",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Why no efficiency observation is published."
          },
          {
            "name": "owner",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Owner name(s) from evidence-linked owner role claims, separated by '; '. Empty when no owner claim is published."
          },
          {
            "name": "operator",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Operator name(s) from evidence-linked operator role claims (see role_claims_json), separated by '; '. Empty when no operator claim is published."
          },
          {
            "name": "users",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "User name(s) from evidence-linked user role claims, separated by '; '. Empty when no user claim is published."
          },
          {
            "name": "tenants",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Tenant name(s) from evidence-linked tenant role claims, separated by '; '. Empty when no tenant claim is published."
          },
          {
            "name": "customers",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Customer name(s) from evidence-linked customer role claims, separated by '; '. Empty when no customer claim is published."
          },
          {
            "name": "status_source_url",
            "type": "string",
            "format": "uri",
            "description": "URL of the status source; the same as the source_url of the status evidence row.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "geometry_source_url",
            "type": "string",
            "format": "uri",
            "description": "URL of the primary geometry source; the same as the source_url of the geometry evidence row.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "project_details_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "Full source-linked project records, including investment, capacity, hardware, organizations, milestones, power supply and original scope. Status and location on these records can differ from a selected phase. Local source IDs resolve within record.sources; source_evidence_ids maps them to evidence.csv.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          }
        ],
        "primaryKey": [
          "project_id"
        ],
        "foreignKeys": [
          {
            "fields": [
              "site_id"
            ],
            "reference": {
              "resource": "sites",
              "fields": [
                "site_id"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "fields": [
              "status_evidence_id"
            ],
            "reference": {
              "resource": "evidence",
              "fields": [
                "evidence_id"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "fields": [
              "geometry_evidence_id"
            ],
            "reference": {
              "resource": "evidence",
              "fields": [
                "evidence_id"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "fields": [
              "operating_model_evidence_id"
            ],
            "reference": {
              "resource": "evidence",
              "fields": [
                "evidence_id"
              ]
            }
          }
        ],
        "missingValues": [
          ""
        ]
      },
      "licenses": [
        {
          "name": "CC-BY-4.0",
          "path": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
          "title": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International: Atlas-authored data and structure (see DATA_LICENSE.md)"
        },
        {
          "name": "ODbL-1.0",
          "path": "https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/",
          "title": "Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0: geometries derived from OpenStreetMap (© OpenStreetMap contributors)"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "evidence",
      "path": "evidence.csv",
      "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
      "title": "evidence.csv of 2026-10-13-research",
      "format": "csv",
      "mediatype": "text/csv",
      "encoding": "utf-8",
      "bytes": 1279278,
      "hash": "sha256:7f274fff8425542f67e7f789a0534e10b8228e3e068298fa9efb507107673ab4",
      "dialect": {
        "delimiter": ",",
        "lineTerminator": "\n",
        "quoteChar": "\"",
        "doubleQuote": true,
        "header": true
      },
      "schema": {
        "fields": [
          {
            "name": "evidence_id",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Atlas identifier (UUID) of the evidence record. Primary key; referenced by status_evidence_id, geometry_evidence_id and the evidence_id of typed observations and role claims in projects.csv.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "roles_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of how the evidence is used for the linked projects: physical_status, geometry, operating_model, workload, workload_scope:<scope>, role:<role>, typed_metric:<metric>, or context:<kind> for identity and distinctness context that creates no claim on its own.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "project_ids_json",
            "type": "array",
            "description": "JSON array of the project_id values (projects.csv) the evidence supports.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "kind",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Kind of evidence, for example company_disclosure, government_record or openstreetmap.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "title",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Title of the source document, page or record as captured.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "source_url",
            "type": "string",
            "format": "uri",
            "description": "URL of the source. The Atlas links to sources; it does not redistribute third-party documents.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "publisher",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Publisher or author of the source.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "source_family",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Atlas grouping code for sources from the same publisher channel or API. Free-form code.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "license",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Rights or licence code recorded for the source, for example CC-BY-4.0, ODbL-1.0 or all-rights-reserved. The source's own terms remain controlling."
          },
          {
            "name": "attribution",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Attribution text required or recommended for the source."
          },
          {
            "name": "published_at",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Publication date or timestamp of the source (ISO 8601) when the source states one; empty when it does not."
          },
          {
            "name": "retrieved_at",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Date and time (ISO 8601) at which the source was retrieved or captured.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "content_hash",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "SHA-256 of retained source material or a factual record projection. Read content_hash_scope and source provenance to identify exactly what was hashed; this is not always publisher-page content.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "publication_date_precision",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Precision of published_at: day, month, datetime or unknown. Unknown dates remain empty; month dates are not padded.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "content_hash_scope",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "What content_hash covers; imported source_record_projection hashes a canonical factual record projection, never the publisher page.",
            "constraints": {
              "required": true
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "source_record_id",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Original source inventory record ID, when imported."
          },
          {
            "name": "source_local_id",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Original record-local source ID, when imported."
          },
          {
            "name": "source_record_sha256",
            "type": "string",
            "description": "SHA-256 of the full canonical source inventory object, when imported."
          }
        ],
        "primaryKey": [
          "evidence_id"
        ],
        "missingValues": [
          ""
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "sites-geojson",
      "path": "sites.geojson",
      "profile": "data-resource",
      "title": "Site locators and boundaries",
      "format": "geojson",
      "mediatype": "application/geo+json",
      "encoding": "utf-8",
      "bytes": 828024,
      "hash": "sha256:c1538ba8f0fb280f4f932e61bc8dbd95e99df2ad44d0f7cd660b1a63fcc80128",
      "licenses": [
        {
          "name": "CC-BY-4.0",
          "path": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
          "title": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International: Atlas-authored data and structure (see DATA_LICENSE.md)"
        },
        {
          "name": "ODbL-1.0",
          "path": "https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/",
          "title": "Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0: geometries derived from OpenStreetMap (© OpenStreetMap contributors)"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "atlas-sqlite",
      "path": "atlas.sqlite",
      "profile": "data-resource",
      "title": "SQLite database of the checkpoint",
      "format": "sqlite",
      "mediatype": "application/vnd.sqlite3",
      "bytes": 7393280,
      "hash": "sha256:d767fa6331e9d91db20709c3908aeb877ee05795aab7518eb441fb5d7c82d207",
      "licenses": [
        {
          "name": "CC-BY-4.0",
          "path": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
          "title": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International: Atlas-authored data and structure (see DATA_LICENSE.md)"
        },
        {
          "name": "ODbL-1.0",
          "path": "https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/",
          "title": "Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0: geometries derived from OpenStreetMap (© OpenStreetMap contributors)"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "atlas-xlsx",
      "path": "atlas.xlsx",
      "profile": "data-resource",
      "title": "Excel workbook of the checkpoint (geometry omitted)",
      "format": "xlsx",
      "mediatype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet",
      "bytes": 1956129,
      "hash": "sha256:e5c1ff51442de1451fe9cca03884cd3f02a17d5fbeba7b9fa6e9ecba9a20b088"
    }
  ]
}